KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure during which a non-functioning kidney is replaced with a healthy kidney of a donor. It is considered the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as it can improve the quality of life and increase the recipient’s life expectancy. The donated kidney is surgically implanted into the recipient’s lower abdomen, and the blood vessels of the new kidney are connected to the recipient’s blood vessels. The ureter from the new kidney is then connected to the recipient’s bladder, allowing urine to flow normally.
This procedure is often used as a last option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Their kidneys have failed to function correctly and cannot eliminate waste and excess fluids from the blood. A successful kidney transplant can restore normal kidney function, eliminate the need for dialysis, and significantly improve the quality of life for the patient. The process of kidney transplantation involves several steps, including finding a suitable donor, evaluating the recipient’s health, and performing the surgical procedure itself.
The donor and recipient must undergo a series of medical tests to ensure compatibility and minimise the risk of complications. Once a suitable donor is identified, the surgical procedure can take place. It typically involves removing the non-functioning kidney and placing the healthy kidney in its place. After a kidney transplant, the patient must take immunosuppressive medications, which prevent the body from rejecting the new kidney. These medications must be taken for the rest of the recipient’s life. Regular checkups with healthcare professionals are necessary to monitor the new kidney’s function and detect potential complications. With proper care and monitoring, a kidney transplant can significantly improve the recipient’s quality of life and allow them to lead an everyday, healthy life.
DIALYSIS
The kidneys filter your blood by removing waste and extra fluid from your body. This waste is excreted out as urine. The kidneys also control blood pressure and balance the levels of chemical elements in the body. End-stage kidney failure occurs when kidneys perform less than 15% of their regular function.
Dialysis is a process which performs the role of the kidneys when they fail. It is a treatment in which blood is filtered and purified by using a semi-permeable membrane. It also helps to keep your body fluids and salts in balance. Without dialysis waste products and salts accumulate in the blood and can damage other organ systems.
Hemodialysis:
This is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses a dialyzer (artificial kidney) and dialysate (water) to filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and is filtered by a machine, and the filtered blood is returned to the body. It is done with the help of a hemodialysis machine.
Hemodiafiltration:
This procedure combines the benefits of hemodialysis and hemofiltration. It is similar to conventional hemodialysis but requires large volumes of replacement fluid. Hemodiafiltration provides greater removal of uremic toxins and offers potential benefits regarding anemia correction, inflammation, oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest better patient survival with HDF.
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT):
This therapy is used when the patient is suffering from acute kidney failure. It is done by using a CRRT machine. The commonly used modalities of CRRT are continuous hemofiltration, continuous hemodialysis and continuous hemodiafiltration. This process is similar to hemodialysis but also requires replacement fluid. This procedure is usually performed for 12 to 48 hours.
Peritoneal dialysis:
This process involves surgery to implant a peritoneal dialysis catheter into your abdomen. This process uses your peritoneum (asemipermeable membrane in your abdomen) as a filter. During treatment, a fluid called dialysate is infused into your abdomen and once it absorbs the waste and excess fluids from your blood it is drained out of your abdomen and discarded.
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